Discovering semantic types - 7.3

Talend Data Preparation User Guide
Version
7.3
Language
English
Product
Talend Big Data
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Module
Talend Data Preparation
Content
Data Quality and Preparation > Cleansing data
Last publication date
2023-11-28

The data discovery calculates how many values match each semantic type and, if the result is greater than 40%, it assigns the semantic type to the column.

When no semantic types obtain more than 40%, the data discovery assigns a data type.

To display the percentage for each semantic type, click the icon.

How is the percentage calculated?

This percentage is the sum of two percentages:
  • One percentage represents the number of values matching the semantic type; up to 100% allocated.

    To determine if a value matches a semantic type, the data discovery depends on the type of the semantic type:

    • Dictionary: Does the value match a value from the dictionary? Punctuation, case, spaces and accents are ignored.
    • Regular expression: Does the value match the regular expression?
    • Compound: is the value discovered into at least one child?
      A compound type is a group of existing semantic types, called children.

    If the answer is positive, the value is considered valid.

  • The other percentage represents the similarity between the column name and the name of the semantic type; up to 10% allocated.
    To compare the names:
    • The Levenshtein algorithm is used. It calculates the minimum number of edits (insertion, deletion or substitution) required to transform one string into another.
    • The case and accents are ignored.
    • If the strings contain spaces, the word order is ignored. For example, US Phone and Phone US are considered identical.
    The maximum percentage is 100%. If all values match a semantic type and the column name is identical to the name of the semantic type, the result still is 100%.

Displaying the quality bar

The quality bar shows how many values are invalid, empty and valid according to the assigned semantic type. To display it, activate the Use for validation setting in the configuration of the semantic type.
The percentage of valid values might be less than the data discovery. This happens when:
  • The validation rule is more restrictive than the semantic type. In this case, the values match the values from the semantic types but, from the validation rule, the values do not match, e.g. case, punctuation.
  • The similarity between the column name and the name of the semantic type raises the result of the semantic type to 100%. In this case, the quality bar shows between 90% and 100% of valid values.

Discovering data types

Instead of semantic types, data types can be assigned. If no semantic types obtain more than 40%, the data discovery automatically assigns a data type.

To determine of which type is a value, the data discovery follows an order:
  1. Is the value empty?
  2. Is the value of type boolean? true and false are the only values considered of type boolean.
  3. Is the value of type integer?
  4. Is the value of type decimal?
  5. Is the value of type date?
  6. If the value is not of one of the above types, it is considered a text value.

As the verification is incremental, a value is only of one type. For example, the value 5 is of type integer. It will not be considered of type text.